Royal Astronomical Societyn kultamitali

Royal Astronomical Societyn kultamitali.

Royal Astronomical Societyn kultamitali (engl. Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society) on korkein brittiläisen Royal Astronomical Societyn myöntämä palkinto. Sitä on jaettu vuodesta 1824, ja sen saajat ovat usein olleet tunnettuja ja merkittäviä tieteilijöitä, kuten Albert Einstein ja Stephen Hawking.

Vuodesta 1964 lähtien on vuosittain jaettu kaksi palkintoa: toinen fysiikasta ja toinen geofysiikasta. Palkintoa ei ole jaettu vuosina 1825, 1832, 1834, 1838, 1844, 1847, 1848, 1864, 1871, 1873, 1877, 1880, 1890, 1891, 1920, 1941 ja 1942.

Palkitut

(Lähde)

1824 Charles Babbage Johann Franz Encke 1826 John Herschel James South Wilhelm Struve 1827 Francis Baily 1828 Thomas Makdougall Brisbane James Dunlop Caroline Herschel 1829 William Pearson Friedrich Bessel Heinrich Christian Schumacher 1830 William Richardson Johann Franz Encke 1831 Henry Kater Marie-Charles Damoiseau 1833 George Biddell Airy 1835 Manuel J. Johnson 1836 John Herschel 1837 Otto A. Rosenberger 1839 John Wrottesley 1840 Giovanni Plana 1841 Friedrich Bessel 1842 Peter Andreas Hansen 1843 Francis Baily 1845 William Henry Smyth 1846 George Biddell Airy 1849 William Lassell 1850 Otto Wilhelm von Struve 1851 Annibale de Gasparis 1852 Christian August Friedrich Peters 1853 John Russell Hind 1854 Charles Rümker 1855 William Rutter Dawes 1856 Robert Grant 1857 Heinrich Schwabe 1858 Robert Main 1859 Richard Christopher Carrington 1860 Peter Andreas Hansen 1861 Hermann Goldschmidt 1862 Warren de la Rue 1863 Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander 1865 George Phillips Bond 1866 John Couch Adams 1867 William Huggins William Allen Miller 1868 Urbain Le Verrier 1869 Edward James Stone 1870 Charles-Eugène Delaunay 1872 Giovanni Schiaparelli 1874 Simon Newcomb 1875 Heinrich d'Arrest 1876 Urbain Le Verrier 1878 Ercole Dembowski 1879 Asaph Hall 1881 Axel Möller 1882 David Gill 1883 Benjamin A. Gould 1884 Andrew Ainslie Common 1885 William Huggins 1886 Edward Charles Pickering Charles Pritchard 1887 George William Hill 1888 Arthur Auwers 1889 Maurice Loewy 1892 George Darwin 1893 Hermann Carl Vogel 1894 S. W. Burnham 1895 Isaac Roberts 1896 Seth Carlo Chandler 1897 Edward Emerson Barnard 1898 William Frederick Denning 1899 Frank McClean

1900 Henri Poincaré 1901 Edward Charles Pickering 1902 Jacobus Kapteyn 1903 Hermann Struve 1904 George Ellery Hale 1905 Lewis Boss 1906 William Wallace Campbell 1907 Ernest William Brown 1908 David Gill 1909 Oskar Backlund 1910 Friedrich Küstner 1911 Philip Herbert Cowell 1912 Arthur Robert Hinks 1913 Henri-Alexandre Deslandres 1914 Max Wolf 1915 Alfred Fowler 1916 Johan L. E. Dreyer 1917 Walter Sydney Adams 1918 John Evershed 1919 Guillaume Bigourdan 1921 Henry Norris Russell 1922 James Hopwood Jeans 1923 Albert A. Michelson 1924 Arthur Eddington 1925 Frank Watson Dyson 1926 Albert Einstein 1927 Frank Schlesinger 1928 Ralph Allen Sampson 1929 Ejnar Hertzsprung 1930 John Stanley Plaskett 1931 Willem de Sitter 1932 Robert Grant Aitken 1933 Vesto Slipher 1934 Harlow Shapley 1935 Edward Arthur Milne 1936 Hisashi Kimura 1937 Harold Jeffreys 1938 William Hammond Wright 1939 Bernard Lyot 1940 Edwin Hubble 1943 Harold Spencer Jones 1944 Otto Struve 1945 Bengt Edlén 1946 Jan Oort 1947 Marcel Minnaert 1948 Bertil Lindblad 1949 Sydney Chapman 1950 Joel Stebbins 1951 Anton Pannekoek 1952 John Jackson 1953 Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar 1954 Walter Baade 1955 Dirk Brouwer 1956 Thomas George Cowling 1957 Albrecht Unsöld 1958 André Danjon 1959 Raymond Arthur Lyttleton 1960 Viktor Ambarzumjan 1961 Herman Zanstra 1962 Bengt Strömgren 1963 H. H. Plaskett 1964 Martin Ryle Maurice Ewing 1965 Edward Bullard Gerald Maurice Clemence 1966 Ira S. Bowen Harold C. Urey 1967 Hannes Alfvén Allan Sandage 1968 Walter Munk Fred Hoyle 1969 A. T. Price Martin Schwarzschild

1970 Horace W. Babcock 1971 Frank Press Richard van der Riet Woolley 1972 H. I. S. Thirlaway Fritz Zwicky 1973 Francis Birch Edwin Salpeter 1974 Ludwig Biermann K. E. Bullen 1975 Jesse Greenstein Ernst Öpik 1976 William H. McCrea J. A. Ratcliffe 1977 D. R. Bates John G. Bolton 1978 Lyman Spitzer James Van Allen 1979 L. Knopoff C. G. Wynne 1980 C. L. Pekeris Maarten Schmidt 1981 J. F. Gilbert Bernard Lovell 1982 Riccardo Giacconi Harrie Massey 1983 M. J. Seaton Fred Whipple 1984 S. K. Runcorn Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich 1985 Thomas Gold Stephen Hawking 1986 G. E. Backus A. Dalgarno 1987 Takesi Nagata Martin Rees 1988 Don L. Anderson Cornelis de Jager 1989 R. Hide K. A. Pounds 1990 J. W. Dungey B. E. J. Pagel 1991 Vitali Ginzburg G. J. Wasserburg 1992 Dan P. McKenzie Eugene N. Parker 1993 Peter Goldreich Donald Lynden-Bell 1994 James E. Gunn Thomas R. Kaiser 1995 John T. Houghton Rashid Sunyaev

1996 Kenneth Creer Vera Rubin 1997 D. Farley Donald Osterbrock 1998 R. L. Parker James Peebles 1999 Kenneth Budden Bohdan Paczyński 2000 Leon Lucy Robert Hutchinson 2001 Hermann Bondi Henry Rishbeth 2002 Leon Mestel J. A. Jacobs 2003 John Bahcall D. Gubbins 2004 Jeremiah P. Ostriker Grenville Turner 2005 Margaret Burbidge Geoffrey Burbidge Carole Jordan 2006 Simon White S. W. H. Cowley 2007 J. L. Culhane Nigel O. Weiss 2008 Joseph Silk Brian Kennett 2009 David A. Williams Eric Priest 2010 Douglas Gough John Woodhouse 2011 Richard Ellis Eberhard Gruen 2012 Andy Fabian John Brown 2013 Roger Blandford Chris Chapman 2014 Carlos Frenk John Zarnecki 2015 Michel Mayor Michael Lockwood 2016 John D. Barrow Philip England 2017 Nick Kaiser Michele Dougherty 2018 James Hough Robert White 2019 Robert Kennicutt Margaret Kivelson 2020 Sandra Moore Faber Yvonne Elsworth