This work is in the public domain in France for one of the following reasons: Its author (or the last of its authors in the case of a collaboration work) died more than 70 years ago (CPI art. L123-1) and did not benefit from any copyright extension (CPI art. L123-8, L123-9 and L123-10)[1]; It is an anonymous or pseudonymous work (the identity of the author has never been disclosed) or a collective work[2] and more than 70 years have passed since its publication (CPI art. L123-3); It is the recording of an audiovisual or musical work already in the public domain, and more than 50 years have passed since the performance or the recording (CPI art. L211-4). Please note that moral rights still apply when the work is in the public domain. They encompass, among others, the right to the respect of the author's name, quality and work (CPI art. L121-1). Attribution therefore remains mandatory. ↑ Copyright extensions must be considered only in the case of musical works and of authors Mort pour la France (died during conflict, in the service of France). In other cases, they are included in the 70 years post mortem auctoris length (see this statement of the Cour de Cassation). ↑ The collective work status is quite restrictive, please make sure that it is actually established. العربية ∙ English ∙ español ∙ français ∙ 日本語 ∙ 한국어 ∙ македонски ∙ русский ∙ Tiếng Việt ∙ 简体中文 ∙ 繁體中文 ∙ +/−

The original itself is in the public domain in the United States for the following reason:

Tämä teos on ilman lähioikeuden suojaa Yhdysvalloissa, sillä se täyttää kolme vaatimusta: sen ensijulkaisu tapahtui Yhdysvaltojen ulkopuolella (ja sitä ei julkaistu Yhdysvalloissa 30 päivän kuluessa), se on julkaistu ensimmäistä kertaa ilman tekijänoikeusilmoitusta ennen maaliskuuta 1989 tai ennen vuotta 1964 ilman että tekijänoikeutta on uusittu tai ennen kuin alkuperävaltio solmi tekijänoikeussopimuksen Yhdysvaltojen kanssa, se oli ilman lähioikeuden suojaa alkuperämaassaan URAA-päivämääränä (1. tammikuuta 1996 useimmissa valtioissa). For background information, see the explanations on Non-U.S. copyrights. Note: This tag should not be used for sound recordings.

This tag is designed for use where there may be a need to assert that any enhancements (eg brightness, contrast, colour-matching, sharpening) are in themselves insufficiently creative to generate a new copyright. It can be used where it is unknown whether any enhancements have been made, as well as when the enhancements are clear but insufficient. For known raw unenhanced scans you can use an appropriate {{PD-old}} tag instead. For usage, see Commons:When to use the PD-scan tag.

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