Tiedosto:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg

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Olivia_De_Haviland_1933.jpg ‎(306 × 447 kuvapistettä, 27 KiB, MIME-tyyppi: image/jpeg)

Yhteenveto

Kuvaus
English: Olivia de Havilland promotional card for the 1933 stage production of Alice in Wonderland by the Saratoga Community Players, Saratoga, California
Päiväys
Lähde Strictly Vintage Hollywood
Tekijä TuntematonUnknown author
Käyttöoikeus
(Tämän tiedoston uudelleenkäyttö)

This promotional card was first printed in 1933 to promote de Havilland's debut in amateur theatre in Alice in Wonderland, a production of the Saratoga Community Players (Thomas 1983, p. 26). The image subsequently appeared in Tony Thomas's 1983 book The Films of Olivia de Havilland (p. 19) and Judith Kass's 1976 biography Olivia de Havilland (p. 18). Neither book contains a copyright indication for the photo. In Robert Matzen's book Errol & Olivia: Ego & Obsession in Golden Era Hollywood (p. 4), a similar promotional photo is used, also without a copyright notice.
This is a publicity photo taken to promote an actress. As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honthaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook, (Focal Press, 2001 p. 211.):

"Publicity photos (star headshots) have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."

Nancy Wolff, includes a similar explanation:

"There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them." (The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook By Nancy E. Wolff, Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55.)

Film industry author Gerald Mast, in Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989) p. 87, writes:

"According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible."

Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference with cinema scholars and editors, that they "expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements ... [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs." ("Fair Usage Publication of Film Stills" by Kristin Thompson, Society for Cinema and Media Studies)

Note on non-renewalː The back of the photo indicates that the Minneapolis Journal received the photo in November 1936, but did not use it for publication until February 17, 1937. A check of publications renewals for the Minneapolis Journal for the years 1964 and 1965 showed that the paper did not renew any issues during those two years.

Lisenssi

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published in the United States between 1929 and 1977, inclusive, without a copyright notice. For further explanation, see Commons:Hirtle chart as well as a detailed definition of "publication" for public art. Note that it may still be copyrighted in jurisdictions that do not apply the rule of the shorter term for US works (depending on the date of the author's death), such as Canada (50 p.m.a.), Mainland China (50 p.m.a., not Hong Kong or Macao), Germany (70 p.m.a.), Mexico (100 p.m.a.), Switzerland (70 p.m.a.), and other countries with individual treaties.

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Tiedoston historia

Päiväystä napsauttamalla näet, millainen tiedosto oli kyseisellä hetkellä.

PäiväysPienoiskuvaKokoKäyttäjäKommentti
nykyinen17. syyskuuta 2017 kello 17.33Pienoiskuva 17. syyskuuta 2017 kello 17.33 tallennetusta versiosta306 × 447 (27 KiB)HohumGreyscale version
12. toukokuuta 2016 kello 17.41Pienoiskuva 12. toukokuuta 2016 kello 17.41 tallennetusta versiosta302 × 443 (103 KiB)Bede735Minor touchups
5. helmikuuta 2016 kello 05.07Pienoiskuva 5. helmikuuta 2016 kello 05.07 tallennetusta versiosta302 × 443 (104 KiB)Bede735Adjusted brightness and contrast, cropped, minor touchups
21. helmikuuta 2010 kello 03.57Pienoiskuva 21. helmikuuta 2010 kello 03.57 tallennetusta versiosta352 × 500 (32 KiB)NilfanionReverted to version as of 19:00, 12 February 2010
12. helmikuuta 2010 kello 22.00Pienoiskuva 12. helmikuuta 2010 kello 22.00 tallennetusta versiosta352 × 500 (32 KiB)Flavius92{{Information |Description={{en|1=Update: "Olivia de Havilland is the person. “Alice” from a stage production of Alice in Wonderland, believed to be from her 1933 stage debut. This is believed to be the 1933 production staged by the Saratoga (Calif.)

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