Buddhalaisuuden kritiikki

Buddhalaisuutta on kritisoitu sen sisällöstä, sen harjoittajien ja johtajien toiminnasta, buddhalaisten valtioiden toiminnasta, sekä yleisistä uskontokriittisistä syistä. Kriitikoihin on kuulunut uskonnonvastustajia, agnostikkoja, filosofeja, buddhalaisia itseään ja muiden uskontojen kannattajia.

Kritiikin kohteita [muokkaa]

Jotkut buddhalaiset ovat erkaantuneet buddhalaisuuden alkuperäisistä periaatteista ja sortuneet materialismiin^[1]^[2]

Jotkut buddhalaiset hylkäävät eettisyyden ja tieteellisen humanismin ja korvaavat ne sokealla uskolla^[3]^[4]

Japanin keisarikunnan buddhalaiset tukivat maan sotaisaa ulkopolitiikkaa^[5]

Buddhalaisuus tavoittelee buddhalaista valtiota^[6]

Tiibet on aina ollut feodaaliyhteiskunta maaorjineen^[7]

Nykyinen Dalai-lama aseistaa tiibetiläistä vastarintaliikettä (Kiinan viranomaisten väite)^[8]

Buddhalaisten nunnien elämässä on enemmän rajoituksia kuin miespuolisten munkkien elämässä^[9]

Lähteet [muokkaa]

↑
- Christine J. Nissen, (2008), "Buddhism and Corruption", in People of virtue: reconfiguring religion, power and moral order in Cambodia today, Alexandra Kent (Ed.), NIAS Press, p. 272-292.
- Lopez, Donald S. (1999). Prisoners of Shangri-La: Tibetan Buddhism and the West. University of Chicago Press, 3.
- John K. Locke (2005), "The Unique features of Newar Buddhism", in Buddhism: Critical Concepts in Religious Studies, Vol. 6, Jane Williams (Ed.), Routeledge; p 295.
- Lopez, Donald S. (2008). Buddhism & science: a guide for the perplexed. University of Chicago Press, 30.
- Seager, Richard Hughes (2000). Buddhism in America. Columbia University Press, 119.
- Powell, Andrew (1995). Living Buddhism. University of California Press, 13.
↑
- Laird, Thomas (2007). The Story of Tibet: Conversations with the Dalai Lama. Grove Press, 278.
- Kieschnick, John (2003). The impact of Buddhism on Chinese material culture. Princeton University Press, 12–13.
- Tarling, Nicholas (1992). The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia: From early times to c. 1800. Cambridge University Press, 245.
- Rinpoche, Samdhong (2006). Samdhong Rinpoche: uncompromising truth for a compromised world : Tibetan Buddhism and today's world. World Wisdom, Inc, 139–140.
- Mabbett, Ian W. (1985). Modern China: the mirage of modernity. Taylor & Francis, 112.
↑ Vernon, Mark. "The new Buddhist atheism", The Guardian, March 10, 2010. Luettu October 24, 2011.
↑ Hitchens, Christopher: Review of Confession of a Buddhist Atheist Amazon.com. Viitattu October 26, 2011.
↑ Zen at War (2nd ed.) by Brian Daizen Victoria / Rowman and Littlefield 2006, ISBN 0-7425-3926-1
↑ Jerryson, Michael and Mark Juergensmyer (2010). Buddhist Warfare, ch. 1, "Introduction."
↑
- Goldstein, Melvyn C. (1991). A history of modern Tibet, 1913-1951: the demise of the Lamaist state. University of California Press, 5.
- Goldstein, Melvyn C. (2009). A history of modern Tibet: The calm before the storm, 1951-1955. University of California Press, 440.
- Florida, Robert E. (2005). Human Rights and the World's Major Religions: The Buddhist tradition, Volume 5. Praeger, 190.
- Luo, Zhufeng (1990). Religion under socialism. M.E. Sharpe, 40.
- Friendly Feudalism - The Tibet Myth
↑ "China Steps Up Attacks, Brands Dalai Lama Supporters 'Scum of Buddhism'", Fox News, 2008-04-02. Luettu 2010-08-11.
↑
- Keyes, Charles F. "Mother or Mistress but Never a Monk: Buddhist Notions of Female Gender in Rural Thailand", American Ethnologist, Vol. 11, No. 2 (May, 1984), pp. 223-241.
- Gutschow, Kim (2004). Being a Buddhist nun: the struggle for enlightenment in the Himalayas. Harvard University Press, 207,225,240.
- Lucinda Joy Peach (2001), "Buddhism and Human Rights in the Thai Sex Trade", in Religious Fundamentalisms and the Human Rights of Women, Courtney W. Howland (Ed)., Palgrave Macmillan, p. 219.
- Janell Mills (2000), "Militarisim, civil war and women's status: a Burma case study", in Women in Asia: tradition, modernity, and globalisation, Louise P. Edwards (Ed.), University of Michigan Press, p. 269.
- Campbell, June (2002). Traveller in Space: Gender, Identity and Tibetan Buddhism. Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 0826457193.

Tämä uskontoihin liittyvä artikkeli on tynkä. Voit auttaa Wikipediaa laajentamalla artikkelia tai samankaltaisia artikkeleita.

[1] 

Christine J. Nissen, (2008), "Buddhism and Corruption", in People of virtue: reconfiguring religion, power and moral order in Cambodia today, Alexandra Kent (Ed.), NIAS Press, p. 272-292.

Lopez, Donald S. (1999). Prisoners of Shangri-La: Tibetan Buddhism and the West. University of Chicago Press, 3.

John K. Locke (2005), "The Unique features of Newar Buddhism", in Buddhism: Critical Concepts in Religious Studies, Vol. 6, Jane Williams (Ed.), Routeledge; p 295.

Lopez, Donald S. (2008). Buddhism & science: a guide for the perplexed. University of Chicago Press, 30.

Seager, Richard Hughes (2000). Buddhism in America. Columbia University Press, 119.

Powell, Andrew (1995). Living Buddhism. University of California Press, 13.

[2] Christine J. Nissen, (2008), "Buddhism and Corruption", in People of virtue: reconfiguring religion, power and moral order in Cambodia today, Alexandra Kent (Ed.), NIAS Press, p. 272-292.

[3] Lopez, Donald S. (1999). Prisoners of Shangri-La: Tibetan Buddhism and the West. University of Chicago Press, 3.

[4] John K. Locke (2005), "The Unique features of Newar Buddhism", in Buddhism: Critical Concepts in Religious Studies, Vol. 6, Jane Williams (Ed.), Routeledge; p 295.

[5] Lopez, Donald S. (2008). Buddhism & science: a guide for the perplexed. University of Chicago Press, 30.

[6] Seager, Richard Hughes (2000). Buddhism in America. Columbia University Press, 119.

[7] Powell, Andrew (1995). Living Buddhism. University of California Press, 13.

[2] 

Laird, Thomas (2007). The Story of Tibet: Conversations with the Dalai Lama. Grove Press, 278.

Kieschnick, John (2003). The impact of Buddhism on Chinese material culture. Princeton University Press, 12–13.

Tarling, Nicholas (1992). The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia: From early times to c. 1800. Cambridge University Press, 245.

Rinpoche, Samdhong (2006). Samdhong Rinpoche: uncompromising truth for a compromised world : Tibetan Buddhism and today's world. World Wisdom, Inc, 139–140.

Mabbett, Ian W. (1985). Modern China: the mirage of modernity. Taylor & Francis, 112.

[9] Laird, Thomas (2007). The Story of Tibet: Conversations with the Dalai Lama. Grove Press, 278.

[10] Kieschnick, John (2003). The impact of Buddhism on Chinese material culture. Princeton University Press, 12–13.

[11] Tarling, Nicholas (1992). The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia: From early times to c. 1800. Cambridge University Press, 245.

[12] Rinpoche, Samdhong (2006). Samdhong Rinpoche: uncompromising truth for a compromised world : Tibetan Buddhism and today's world. World Wisdom, Inc, 139–140.

[13] Mabbett, Ian W. (1985). Modern China: the mirage of modernity. Taylor & Francis, 112.

[Vernon-3] Vernon, Mark. "The new Buddhist atheism", The Guardian, March 10, 2010. Luettu October 24, 2011.

[4] Hitchens, Christopher: Review of Confession of a Buddhist Atheist Amazon.com. Viitattu October 26, 2011.

[5] Zen at War (2nd ed.) by Brian Daizen Victoria / Rowman and Littlefield 2006, ISBN 0-7425-3926-1

[6] Jerryson, Michael and Mark Juergensmyer (2010). Buddhist Warfare, ch. 1, "Introduction."

[7] 

Goldstein, Melvyn C. (1991). A history of modern Tibet, 1913-1951: the demise of the Lamaist state. University of California Press, 5.

Goldstein, Melvyn C. (2009). A history of modern Tibet: The calm before the storm, 1951-1955. University of California Press, 440.

Florida, Robert E. (2005). Human Rights and the World's Major Religions: The Buddhist tradition, Volume 5. Praeger, 190.

Luo, Zhufeng (1990). Religion under socialism. M.E. Sharpe, 40.

Friendly Feudalism - The Tibet Myth

[19] Goldstein, Melvyn C. (1991). A history of modern Tibet, 1913-1951: the demise of the Lamaist state. University of California Press, 5.

[20] Goldstein, Melvyn C. (2009). A history of modern Tibet: The calm before the storm, 1951-1955. University of California Press, 440.

[21] Florida, Robert E. (2005). Human Rights and the World's Major Religions: The Buddhist tradition, Volume 5. Praeger, 190.

[22] Luo, Zhufeng (1990). Religion under socialism. M.E. Sharpe, 40.

[23] Friendly Feudalism - The Tibet Myth

[8] "China Steps Up Attacks, Brands Dalai Lama Supporters 'Scum of Buddhism'", Fox News, 2008-04-02. Luettu 2010-08-11.

[9] 

Keyes, Charles F. "Mother or Mistress but Never a Monk: Buddhist Notions of Female Gender in Rural Thailand", American Ethnologist, Vol. 11, No. 2 (May, 1984), pp. 223-241.

Gutschow, Kim (2004). Being a Buddhist nun: the struggle for enlightenment in the Himalayas. Harvard University Press, 207,225,240.

Lucinda Joy Peach (2001), "Buddhism and Human Rights in the Thai Sex Trade", in Religious Fundamentalisms and the Human Rights of Women, Courtney W. Howland (Ed)., Palgrave Macmillan, p. 219.

Janell Mills (2000), "Militarisim, civil war and women's status: a Burma case study", in Women in Asia: tradition, modernity, and globalisation, Louise P. Edwards (Ed.), University of Michigan Press, p. 269.

Campbell, June (2002). Traveller in Space: Gender, Identity and Tibetan Buddhism. Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 0826457193.

[26] Keyes, Charles F. "Mother or Mistress but Never a Monk: Buddhist Notions of Female Gender in Rural Thailand", American Ethnologist, Vol. 11, No. 2 (May, 1984), pp. 223-241.

[27] Gutschow, Kim (2004). Being a Buddhist nun: the struggle for enlightenment in the Himalayas. Harvard University Press, 207,225,240.

[28] Lucinda Joy Peach (2001), "Buddhism and Human Rights in the Thai Sex Trade", in Religious Fundamentalisms and the Human Rights of Women, Courtney W. Howland (Ed)., Palgrave Macmillan, p. 219.

[29] Janell Mills (2000), "Militarisim, civil war and women's status: a Burma case study", in Women in Asia: tradition, modernity, and globalisation, Louise P. Edwards (Ed.), University of Michigan Press, p. 269.

[30] Campbell, June (2002). Traveller in Space: Gender, Identity and Tibetan Buddhism. Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 0826457193.

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Buddhalaisuuden kritiikki

Kritiikin kohteita [muokkaa]

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